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Logistics: Vital to Every Business was written by Jeffrey P. Graham and originally appeared in the Gateway Newsletter at Trade Compass in April 2000.
© Copyright Trade Compass. All Rights Reserved.
Once upon a time, there used to be a venerable old shipping clerk. Reviled by many, if not most of his/her fellow employees, the shipping clerk actually had one of the most important functions in the company. This is one reason why so many owners and top executives made a practice of stopping by frequently to visit the shipping clerk; they wanted to make sure that the clerk was happy. In some cases, the senior shipping clerk had perks that rivaled those of the senior vice president. Truth told a good shipping department was very often the focus of any successful company. Shipping handled sensitive merchandise and was responsible for valuable equipment and finished goods that were quite often worth almost as much as the company itself. In the United States, there still exists a comic stereotype in television and movies about lowly shipping clerks rising through the ranks of management to become a chief executive officer or some other important executive. As is so often the case, the stereotype is not really too far from the truth in many instances.
The truth is that yesterday's shipping clerk is today only a small part of the logistics function in the company. Please choose any definition that suits you, but in my opinion logistics is the process by which a company uses strategic planning and good old common sense in order to make sure that it is promptly delivering the goods that it manufactures to its customers and is acquiring those things that are necessary for the survival and prosperity of the business. By this I would mean the purchase and intake of raw materials and components that comprise the final products that the company manufactures. This would also include acquiring or procuring any materials, provisions and/or supplies such as office products, vehicles, work uniforms, spare parts for machinery, janitorial supplies and so on. While the education and skill level of the person who today performs this task might have changed, it is just as important today as it was when it was called shipping and the snotty shipping clerk was a guy named Tony who wore a pack of cigarettes tucked into his t-shirt sleeve and was somebody that nobody would ever want to meet in the back alley. Today, guys like Tony who were tough and strong because they had to be in order to get the job done are about as prevalent as a typewriter in an office. You see a few in some special circumstances, but by and large they are now an historical artifact. With the rise to power of cost accountants (also known as management accountants) in many large firms during the 1970's and 1980's, shipping departments were transformed almost overnight. Pun intended because newcomer Federal Express came along and blew the doors off long held notions about overnight shipping of small packages. And this was the beginning of a revolution in commerce whose implications were clear and far reaching. But I digress.... Let's get back to Tony. In the old days, the Tonys of the world were recalcitrant high school dropouts who were usually only marginally intelligent and quite often were anti-social. Yes, these are assumptions and stereotypes and for the most part they are inaccurate. However, the perception of the shipping function within the firm is still viewed in much the same way today by up and coming junior executives in sales and marketing who would pretend to the throne of top management. And this perception is a continuation of myths perpetrated for many years before I got here. While this perception continues to cloud this issue, globalization continues to push it to the top of the list of most hotly debated topics in business. Logistics in the 21st century touches every aspect of the company's daily operations and has grown into a business specialty of its own. Understanding the demands of strategic planning and coordination and making use of new and better tools to do so would have probably been beyond Tony's reach. Scheduling manufacturing and making certain that each step of a process has all of its prerequisite needs fulfilled is an enormous task that requires intimate knowledge of engineering, computerized system design and process controls. While complex software programs perform much of the logistics function, human interaction is as important today as it was in the time of Tony and his dirty white t-shirt. The biggest difference being that today the shipping department might have 100+ offices around the world, many of whose employees might find it rather difficult to communicate with each other under normal circumstances. Tony knew everybody by his/her first name. To understand the impact of global logistics, it might be useful to consider the following:  | Logistics is essential for the company's competitive strategy and survival. This is an important point that too often gets lost in the shuffle to overlook seemingly small but crucial details. Lee Iacocca brought this to our attention when he went to Chrysler and started confronting people about various issues. Many observers agree that Iacocca highlighted the critical role of the cost accountant within the corporate structure of a publicly traded company. Of course, he had mixed emotions about this. Cost accountants or what many also call management accountants perform a very thankless task: they do internal management audits. One goal of this type of audit is to provide information about the cost of goods sold so that the outside accounting firm responsible for providing public disclosure can have accurate information. Iacocca used the cost accountants to force many different departments and divisions in Chrysler to communicate with one another in order to find ways to lower the cost of goods sold and increase profits. His own vision of logistics played a key role in Chrysler's eventual turnaround. |
 | Logistics is very well understood by customers. One of the problems that I constantly faced as a divisional export manager was trying to convince foreign distributors that my manufacturer was capable of delivering the goods consistently. Potential customers would cite examples of other distributors in nearby markets who had prior bad experiences with my client and would then ask pointed questions about what changes had been made to solve these problems. When I tried to talk to the manufacturer, they would just ask how come some dumb foreigner was asking such questions. When I spoke with my boss about this issue, he told me that I needed to be more aggressive. Of course, this was the same man who had that infamous slogan about customers painted on his office wall. Both knew and understood the issues surrounding the bad logistics of the client, but neither would confront the issue directly because of concerns about saving face. Both also refused to believe that the foreign distributor was asking these questions on a good faith basis. As my boss said, "He's just trying to lower your price". People who are smart enough to build successful businesses are not normally stupid. It is unwise and foolish to think that one can allay legitimate concerns about capability to deliver by merely taking a more aggressive stance with a customer. Makes me wonder what people are thinking when they say such dumb things. | Logistics is also well understood by analysts. This is especially problematic for new start-ups in the dot.com world. The paradigm does not shift when you produce services. One still has to gather intellectual capital that might reside in faraway places and then develop a consensus across cultural, racial and national borders. Granted the Internet makes this task easier now, but it does not eliminate it as a risk factor in assessing the viability of a business plan. Neither service providers nor manufacturers are going to receive a free pass. | Logistics is not well perceived as a career choice. This
is not a real problem for large multinational firms who can afford to pay for top talent. However, smaller companies have fewer options. Globalization continues to explode while the U.S. economy is in a tight labor market. This makes it very difficult for smaller companies with fewer resources to pursue top talent with a solid background in global business because there are too many other very competitive offers out there.  | Logistics has been named a suspect in many corporate downsizings within the past 15 years. Upon seeing the pink slip on his desk, one business executive quaintly asked his secretary, "How can they replace me?" Some observers have correctly asked if the U.S. is going to hit a wall and then collapse of its own weight. We are now seeing the effects of corporate re-engineering done in the 1980's and the picture being painted is very bleak. Some would argue, and I am not so certain that I would disagree, that the current wave of mergers and acquisitions is being driven by the brain drain of the junk bond era. Some skilled logistics practitioners are rightly upset about how they are being portrayed in the media. | Logistics cuts both ways. If one is highly trained in the inner workings of a corporation, then one has the capacity for looting and other negative behavior. Logistics plays on a global stage. For too many multinational firms, the logistics department has become like an armed mine field with traps everywhere you might step. When academics and others finally do have time to really discuss the impact of transfer pricing, it should surprise nobody that they will look within two departments: accounting and logistics. In the end, it is these two groups of people more than any others who know where the corporate skeletons are hanging. Logistics is not only about strategic planning and resource management, but it is also about how companies go about their day and what impact this has on the rest of us. As a business specialty, the explosion of globalism has promulgated the practice of logistics. In the days of mostly domestic companies, shipping departments in most companies were run by an experienced shipping clerk that basically had carte blanche because too few people adequately understood how to get things done. Except for top executives, especially in family-owned companies, nobody wanted to have any direct involvement with this department. Most people wanted their packages shipped on time and wanted items shipped to them delivered to them immediately. Other than that, there was hardly any motivation to have contact with shipping in many instances. In many cases, this fact has not changed for practitioners of logistics. It is a business function that is largely ignored and mostly misunderstood because it is not very sexy. Smaller companies newly entering global business are beginning to recognize the importance of logistics, but many top executives still have a hands-off approach. In this sense, nothing much has changed since the days of Tony's dirty t-shirt.
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